Etat de connaissances de Banana Bunchy top Virus (BBTV) : Synthèse bibliographique
Abstract
Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) est l’un des virus les plus destructeurs des bananiers, causant Banana bunchy top desease (BBTD). Il entraîne des pertes économiques importantes et constitue une menace pour la sécurité alimentaire dans plusieurs régions du monde. Cette étude fait le point sur les connaissances actuelles du BBTV. La méthodologie utilisée a consisté à faire une synthèse de la revue bibliographique du BBTV. Il ressort de cette étude que le BBTV appartient à la famille des Nanoviridae, genre Babuvirus. Il est composé d’un ADN monocatenaire constitué de 6 à 10 molécules ADN codant chacune pour une protéine ayant un rôle important dans le fonctionnement du virus. Il affecte toutes les parties du bananier, notamment les feuilles, le pseudotronc et les rejets, provoquant un nanisme de la plante, des stries vert foncé, des feuilles dressées comme un bouquet de fleur. Il peut occasionner des pertes allant jusqu’à 80 à 100% de production de la banane. Le BBTV est transmis principalement par un puceron, Pentalonia nigronervosa, qui transmet le virus de manière persistante et circulante. Son hôte principal est Musa spp., bien que d'autres plantes comme Enset spp puissent être affectées. Il se propage principalement par le puceron et le matériel de plantation conventionnel notamment les bulbes et les rejets qui contribuent à l’expansion de la maladie. Le BBTV peut être détecté par différentes techniques telles que les méthodes d’observations visuelles, sérologiques et moléculaires. Le virus est présent dans près de 53 pays dans le monde. Avec une incidence de 38% pour l’Afrique, 32% pour l’Asie; 28% pour l’Océanie et 2% pour l’Amérique. Il existe deux principaux groupes phylogénétiques : le groupe Pacifique-Océan Indien (PIO) et le groupe Asie du Sud Est (SEA. Pour protéger la culture du bananier, des mesures de gestion du BBTV peuvent être mise en place à plusieurs niveaux : (1) L’élimination des plants infectés pour éviter la propagation. (2) ; l’utilisation de matériel végétal sain et certifié ; (3) La lutte contre le puceron vecteur, (4) La recherche de variétés résistantes par sélection génétique ou biotechnologie. Au Gabon, le virus est signalé mais reste peu étudié, rendant nécessaires des recherches locales pour évaluer son impact et développer des stratégies de gestion adaptées. Les études menées dans ce pays ont révélé la présence du virus sur les 8 parmi les 9 provinces du Gabon.
Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is one of the most destructive viruses affecting banana plants, causing Banana bunchy top disease (BBTD). It causes significant economic losses and poses a threat to food security in several regions of the world. This study reviews current knowledge of BBTV. The methodology used consisted of synthesizing the literature review. BBTV. This study shows that BBTV belongs to the Nanoviridae family, genus Babuvirus. It is composed of single-stranded DNA consisting of 6 to 10 DNA molecules, each encoding a protein that plays an important role in the functioning of the virus. It affects all parts of the banana plant, particularly the leaves, pseudostem, and suckers, causing dwarfism, dark green streaks, and leaves that stand upright like a bouquet of flowers. It can cause losses of up to 80-100% of banana production. BBTV is transmitted mainly by an aphid, Pentalonia nigronervosa, which transmits the virus persistently and circulantly. Its main host is Musa spp., although other plants such as Enset spp. may be affected. It spreads mainly through aphids and conventional planting material, particularly bulbs and suckers, which contribute to the spread of the disease. BBTV can be detected by various techniques such as visual, serological, and molecular methods. The virus is present in nearly 53 countries worldwide, with an incidence of 38% in Africa, 32% in Asia, 28% in Oceania, and 2% in the Americas. There are two main phylogenetic groups: the Pacific-Indian Ocean (PIO) group and the Southeast Asia (SEA) group. To protect banana crops, BBTV management measures can be implemented at several levels: (1) Elimination of infected plants to prevent spread. (2) Use of healthy, certified plant material. (3) Control of the aphid vector; (4) Research into resistant varieties through genetic selection or biotechnology. In Gabon, the virus has been reported but remains poorly studied, making local research necessary to assess its impact and develop appropriate management strategies. Studies have revealed the presence of the virus in eight of the nine provinces in Gabon.
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