Petrographic and Geochemical Characteristics of the Djabatoure Massif Metamagmatites from the Pan-African Orogen in Central Togo, West Africa
Keywords:
Petrography, Geochemistry, Djabatoure massif, Pan-African orogen, West Africa
Abstract
The Dahomeyide orogen, in Togo and adjoining parts of southeast Ghana and Benin, represents the suture of West Africa Craton (WAC) into northwest Gondwana. The suture zone corresponds to a narrow and lithologically diverse area with high pressure granulite complexes. The Djabatoure massif, located in the central part of Togo, belongs to the suture zone. The aim of this paper is to present the petrographic and geochemical characteristics of the Djabatoure massif in order to better understand the geodynamic evolution of the Dahomeyide belt in Togo. The methodology implemented is based on a synthesis of previous works, a petrographic study of 20 thin sections, and a geochemical study through discrimination diagrams of 15 rock samples. Results show that the Djabatoure massif is composed of granulites, pyroxenites, amphibolites, talcschists and gneisses. These rocks were equilibrated under granulite facies conditions and subsequently partially retrogressed to the amphibolite facies. The Djabatoure massif rocks also display tholeiitic affinity, enriched LREE, and negative anomalies in Nb, Zr and Ti; all these characteristics indicate subduction zone magmtism. These features are consistent with protoliths of tholeiites, N-MORB, and volcanic arc basalts affinities. The Djabatoure massif rocks were emplaced in an oceanic environment and likely originated from a metasomatized mantle.
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References
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https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/view/35429
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2004.07.048
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https://www.scirp.org/%28S%28351jmbntvnsjt1aadkozje%29%29/reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1160492
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17. Guillot, S., Agbossoumondé, Y., Bascou, J., Berger, J., Duclaux, G., Ménot, R.P., Schwartz, S. (2019). Transition from subduction to collision recorded in the Pan-African arc Complexes (Mali to Ghana). Precambr. Res. 320, 261–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2018.11.007
18. Hamlaoui, H., Laouar, R., Bouhle, S., Boyce, A. J. (2020). Caractéristiques pétrologiques et géochimiques des roches magmatiques d’El Aouana, NE algérien". Estudios Geológicos enero-junio, e124 ISSN-L: 0367-0449, 76(1). https://doi.org/10.3989/egeol.43391.510
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22. Kpanzou, S.A.M. (2023). Contribution à l’étude du complexe basique-ultrabasique de Djabatouré-Anié (Centre-Togo) : Caractéristiques pétrostructurales, géochimiques et indices de minéralisations associés. Thèse de Doctorat unique, FDS, Univ. Lomé, 232p.
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27. McDonough, W.F., Sun, S.S. (1995). The composition of the Earth. Chemical Geology 120, pp. 223–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(94)00140-4
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29. Ménot, R.-P. (1980). Les massifs basiques et ultrabasiques de la zone mobile panafricaine au Ghana, Togo et au Bénin. Etat de la question. Bull. soc. Géol. Fr., 7 : 297-303. https://doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-XXII.3.297
30. Ménot, R.-P. (1982). Les éclogites des Monts Lato : un témoin de l’évolution tectono-métamorphique de la chaîne pan-africaine du Togo (Afrique de l’Ouest). Ist. intern. Eclogite Conf., Terra Cognita, 2, (3), 320p.
https://www.persee.fr/doc/geoly_0750-6635_1982_num_87_1_1513
31. Ménot, R.-P., Seddoh, K.F. (1980). Le massif basique stratifié précambrien de Djabatoure-Soutouboua (région centrale du Togo, Afrique de l’Ouest). Pétrologie et évolution métamorphique. Bulletin du B.R.G.M. 4(4) : 319–337.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260887781
32. Ménot, R.-P., Seddoh, K.F. (1985). The eclogites of Lato Hills (South Togo, West Africa): relies from early tectonometamorphic evolution of the Pan-African orogeny. Chemical Geology, 50, pp. 313–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(85)90126-3
33. Meschede, M. (1986). A method of discrimination between different types of mid-ocean ridge basalts and continental tholeiites with Nb-Zr-Y diagram. Chemical Geology, 56 : 207-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(86)90004-5
34. Middlemost, E.A.K. (1994). Naming materials in the magma/igneous rock system. Earth Science Reviews, 37 (3-4), pp. 215-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(94)90029-9
35. Nakamura, N. (1974). Determination of REE, Fe, Mg, Na and K in Carbonaceous and ordinary Chondrites. Geochemica and Cosmochimica Act, 38, 757-775.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(74)90149-5
36. Sabi, B.E. (2007). Etude pétrologique et structurale du Massif Kabyè, Nord-Togo. Thèse Doctorat, FDS, Univ. Lomé, 256p.
37. Sabi, B.E., Gnazou, M.D.-T., Tairou, M.S., Togbé, K.A., Johnson, A.K.C. (2015). Granulitizsation of frontal nappes in the Kabyè massif in northern Togo. European Scientific Journal October 2015 edition vol.11, No.30 ISSN: 1857 – 7881. https://core.ac.uk/reader/236412410
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40. Tairou, M.S., Affaton, P., Sabi, B.E., Seddoh, K.F. (2009). Tectono-metamorphic evolution of the Mo and Kara-Niamtougou Orthogneic Suites, Northern Togo. Global Jour. of Geological Sciences, vol. 7, n°2, pp. 93-100.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287411921
41. Tairou, M.S., Affaton, P. (2013). Structural Organization and Tectono-Metamorphic Evolution of the Pan-African Suture Zone: Case of the Kabye and Kpaza Massifs in the Dahomeyide Orogen in Northern Togo (West Africa). International Journal of Geosciences 04, 166-182. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2013.41015
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2. Affaton, P., Gelard, J.P., Simpara, N. (1991). Paléocontraintes enregistrées par la fracturation dans l’unité structurale de l’Atacora (Chaîne Panafricaine des Dahomeyides, Togo). C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, t. 312 : 763-768.
http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=19679359
3. Agbossoumondé, Y. (1998). Les complexes ultrabasiques de la chaîne panafricaine au Togo (Axe Agou – Atakpamé, Sud-Togo). Etude pétrographique, minéralogique et géochimique. Thèse Doct. Lab. Géol. Pétro. Univ. Jean Monnet St. Etienne Fr., 306p.
4. Agbossoumondé, Y., Ménot, R.-P., Guillot, S. (2001). Metamorphic evolution of Neoproterozoic eclogites from South Togo (West Africa). Jour. of Afr. Earth Sc. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5362(01)80061-0 33, 227–244.
5. Agbossoumondé, Y., Ménot, R.-P., Paquette, J.L., Guillot, S., Yéssoufou, S., Perrache, C. (2007). Petrological and geochronological constraints on the origin of the Palimé–Amlamé granitoids (South Togo, West Africa): A segment of the West African Craton Paleoproterozoic margin reactivated during the Pan-African collision. Gondwana Research 12, 476-488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2007.01.004
6. Agbossoumondé, Y., Ménot, R. P., Ganade de Araujo, C. E. (2017). Major, Trace Elements and Sr-Nd Isotopic Characteristics of High-Pressure and Associated Metabasites from the Pan-African Suture Zone of Southern Togo, West Africa. Journal of Environment and Earth Science, ISSN 2225-0948, Vol.7, No.2.
https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/view/35429
7. Aidoo, F., Sub, F.-Y., Liang, T., Nude, P.M. (2020). New insight into the Dahomeyide Belt of southeastern Ghana, West Africa: Evidence of arc-continental collision and Neoarchaean crustal reworking. Precambrian Research 347 (2020) 105836.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2020.105836.
8. Alayi, G. (2018). Les granitoïdes tardifs de la chaîne panafricaine des Dahomeyides au Togo: étude pétro-structurale, géochimique et géochronologique. Thèse Doctorat, FDS, Univ. Lomé-Togo, 256p.
9. Attoh, K. (1998). High-Pressure Granulite Facies metamorphism in the Pan-African Dahomeyide orogen, West Africa. J. Geology, 106 : 236-246.
https://doi.org/10.1086/516019
10. Attoh, K., Dallmeyer, R.D., Affaton, P. (1997). Chronology of nappe assembly in the Pan-Africa Dahomeyide Orogen, West Africa: evidence from 40Ar/39Ar mineral ages. Precambrian research, 82, pp. 153 – 171. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(96)00031-9
11. Attoh, K., Morgan, J. (2004). Geochemistry of high-pressure granulites from the Pan-African Dahomeyide orogen, West Africa: constraints on the origin and composition of lower crust. Jour.of Afr.Earth Sci., vol. 39, pp. 201-208.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2004.07.048
12. Boukaoud, E. H., Godard, G., Chabou, M. C., Bouftouha, Y., & Doukkari, S. (2021). Petrology and geochemistry of the Texenna ophiolites, northeastern Algeria: Implications for the Maghrebian flysch suture zone. Lithos 390, 106019. https://apps.umc.edu.dz/vrp/virtualseminar/doc/Proceeding_Magmatism_Precambrian_bases_petrography.pdf
13. Caby, R., Bertrand, J.M., Black, R. (1981). Pan-African closure and continental collision in the Hoggar. Ifora segment, central Sahara. In Kröner A. (Eds) Precambrian Plate Tectorics. Elsevier, Amst, pp. 407-434.
https://www.scirp.org/%28S%28351jmbntvnsjt1aadkozje%29%29/reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1160492
14. Caby, R., Boessé, J.M. (2001). Pan–African nappe system in southwest Nigeria: the Ife– Ilesha schist belt. Jour.of Afr.Earth Sci., vol. 33 n°2, pp. 211- 225. DOI : 10.1016/S0899-5362(01)80060-9
15. Duclaux, G. (2003). Etude pétrologique et structurale des massifs basiques et ultrabasiques de la zone de suture panafricaine de la chaîne des Dahomeyides au Togo : Implications géodynamiques. Mém. DEA, Lab. Dyn. Lithos. Univ. J. Monnet, St-Etienne, 29p. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28332.92809
16. Ganade de Araujo, C.E., Rubatto, D., Hermann, J., Cordani, U.G., Caby, R., Basei, M.A.S. (2014a). Ediacaran 2,500-km-long synchronous deep continental subduction in the West Gondwana Orogen. Nature Communications, 5:5198. doi: 10.1038/ncomms6198.
17. Guillot, S., Agbossoumondé, Y., Bascou, J., Berger, J., Duclaux, G., Ménot, R.P., Schwartz, S. (2019). Transition from subduction to collision recorded in the Pan-African arc Complexes (Mali to Ghana). Precambr. Res. 320, 261–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2018.11.007
18. Hamlaoui, H., Laouar, R., Bouhle, S., Boyce, A. J. (2020). Caractéristiques pétrologiques et géochimiques des roches magmatiques d’El Aouana, NE algérien". Estudios Geológicos enero-junio, e124 ISSN-L: 0367-0449, 76(1). https://doi.org/10.3989/egeol.43391.510
19. Harker, A. (1909). The natural history of igneous Rocks. Methuen and Co., London, 384p. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511920424
20. Irvine, T.N., Baragar, W.R.A. (1971). A guide to chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks. Can. J. Earth Sci., 8: 523-548. https://doi.org/10.1139/e71-055
21. Kpanzou, S.A.M. (2017). Etude pétrographique et structurale du massif de Djabatouré et des massifs adjacents. Mém. Master, FDS, Univ. Lomé, 31p.
22. Kpanzou, S.A.M. (2023). Contribution à l’étude du complexe basique-ultrabasique de Djabatouré-Anié (Centre-Togo) : Caractéristiques pétrostructurales, géochimiques et indices de minéralisations associés. Thèse de Doctorat unique, FDS, Univ. Lomé, 232p.
23. Kpanzou, S.A.M., Agbossoumondé, Y., Tairou, M.S. (2019). Caractérisation pétrostructurale du massif granulitique de Djabatouré. J. Rech. Sci. Univ. Lomé (Togo), Spécial 2019, 21(4-2) : 509-519. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jrsul/article/view/206992
24. Kpanzou, S.A.M., Agbossoumondé, Y., González Jiménez, J.M., Tairou, M.S., Garcia-Casco, A. (2022). Pétrologie et métallogénie des indices de Ni-Cr associés au massif basique-ultrabasique de Oké, Togo. Afrique SCIENCE 21(1) : 53-69. https://www.afriquescience.net/PDF/21/1/5.pdf
25. Kwayisi, D., Elburg, M., Lehmann, J. (2021). Preserved ancient oceanic lithosphere within the Buem structural unit at the eastern margin of the west African craton, LITHOS (2021), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106585
26. Liégeois, J.P. (2019). New synthetic Geological Map of the Tuareg shield: An Overview of its Global structure and Geological Evolution. Springer, Geology Switzerland, 83p. https://apps.umc.edu.dz/vrp/virtualseminar/doc/Proceeding_Magmatism_Precambrian_bases_petrography.pdf
27. McDonough, W.F., Sun, S.S. (1995). The composition of the Earth. Chemical Geology 120, pp. 223–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(94)00140-4
28. Ménot, R.-P. (1977). Les massifs basiques et ultrabasiques antémétamorphiques de la bordure Ouest du mole Dahoméo-nigérian. Essai de synthèse bibliographique. Ann. Univ. Bénin, Lomé, pp. 53-94. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327822999
29. Ménot, R.-P. (1980). Les massifs basiques et ultrabasiques de la zone mobile panafricaine au Ghana, Togo et au Bénin. Etat de la question. Bull. soc. Géol. Fr., 7 : 297-303. https://doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-XXII.3.297
30. Ménot, R.-P. (1982). Les éclogites des Monts Lato : un témoin de l’évolution tectono-métamorphique de la chaîne pan-africaine du Togo (Afrique de l’Ouest). Ist. intern. Eclogite Conf., Terra Cognita, 2, (3), 320p.
https://www.persee.fr/doc/geoly_0750-6635_1982_num_87_1_1513
31. Ménot, R.-P., Seddoh, K.F. (1980). Le massif basique stratifié précambrien de Djabatoure-Soutouboua (région centrale du Togo, Afrique de l’Ouest). Pétrologie et évolution métamorphique. Bulletin du B.R.G.M. 4(4) : 319–337.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260887781
32. Ménot, R.-P., Seddoh, K.F. (1985). The eclogites of Lato Hills (South Togo, West Africa): relies from early tectonometamorphic evolution of the Pan-African orogeny. Chemical Geology, 50, pp. 313–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(85)90126-3
33. Meschede, M. (1986). A method of discrimination between different types of mid-ocean ridge basalts and continental tholeiites with Nb-Zr-Y diagram. Chemical Geology, 56 : 207-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(86)90004-5
34. Middlemost, E.A.K. (1994). Naming materials in the magma/igneous rock system. Earth Science Reviews, 37 (3-4), pp. 215-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(94)90029-9
35. Nakamura, N. (1974). Determination of REE, Fe, Mg, Na and K in Carbonaceous and ordinary Chondrites. Geochemica and Cosmochimica Act, 38, 757-775.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(74)90149-5
36. Sabi, B.E. (2007). Etude pétrologique et structurale du Massif Kabyè, Nord-Togo. Thèse Doctorat, FDS, Univ. Lomé, 256p.
37. Sabi, B.E., Gnazou, M.D.-T., Tairou, M.S., Togbé, K.A., Johnson, A.K.C. (2015). Granulitizsation of frontal nappes in the Kabyè massif in northern Togo. European Scientific Journal October 2015 edition vol.11, No.30 ISSN: 1857 – 7881. https://core.ac.uk/reader/236412410
38. Shand, S.J. (1943). Eruptive Rocks. Their Genesis, Composition, Classification and Their Relations to Ore deposits. 2nd edition, Murby London, 444p. https://www.scirp.org/(S(czeh2tfqyw2orz553k1w0r45))/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=1945539
39. Sylvain, J.P., Collart, J., Aregba, A., Godonou, S. (1986). Notice explicative de la carte géologique 1/500.0000è du Togo, Mém. n°6, D.G.M.G./B.N.R.M., Lomé – Togo. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=+author:J.P.%20Sylvain
40. Tairou, M.S., Affaton, P., Sabi, B.E., Seddoh, K.F. (2009). Tectono-metamorphic evolution of the Mo and Kara-Niamtougou Orthogneic Suites, Northern Togo. Global Jour. of Geological Sciences, vol. 7, n°2, pp. 93-100.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287411921
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Published
2023-08-31
How to Cite
Malibida Kpanzou, S. A., Alayi, G., Agbossoumondé, Y., Tairou, M. S., González-Jiménez, J. M., & Garcia-Casco, A. (2023). Petrographic and Geochemical Characteristics of the Djabatoure Massif Metamagmatites from the Pan-African Orogen in Central Togo, West Africa. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 19(24), 198. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n24p198
Section
ESJ Natural/Life/Medical Sciences
Copyright (c) 2023 Sarakawa Abalo Malibida Kpanzou, Gnanwasou Alayi, Yao Agbossoumondé, Mahaman Sani Tairou, José María González-Jiménez, Antonio Garcia-Casco
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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