Accompagnement psychosocial et résilience des adolescents victimes de conflit intercommunautaire Arabe-Choa et Mousgoum à Logone Birni (Cameroun)

David Sanawai

doi:10.19044/esj.2024.v20n32p85

David Sanawai Université de Maroua, Cameroun

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n32p85

Keywords: Accompagnement psychosocial, résilience, adolescents, conflit intercommunautaire, Arabe Choa, Mousgoum

Abstract

Les conflits existent dans toutes les communautés, même au sein des familles, entre amis, camarades, personnes exerçant la même profession et celles qui partagent les mêmes valeurs culturelles depuis des générations. Il est difficile de trouver une société sans conflit. Ainsi, si le vivre ensemble devient de plus en plus conflictuel entre personnes de même ethnie ou d’ethnie différente, c’est que la vie n’a plus de sens quand on reconnaît que la personne avec laquelle on partage le même espace social est plus importante qu'un frère éloigné dans la culture noire. Ainsi, la relation entre Arabe-Choa et Mousgoum est un terreau important pour les potentialités de cette partie du Cameroun. Le conflit entre ces deux groupes interethniques est basé sur la menace de leurs intérêts. Cette étude s’appuie sur la théorie écologique de (Bronfenbrenner, 1979), qui souligne l’importance des interactions entre l’individu et son environnement social dans le développement de la résilience. En effet, les données qualitatives issues des entretiens semi-structurés, une analyse thématique a été appliquée. Les résultats montrent que 75% des adolescents ayant bénéficié d’un accompagnement psychosocial structuré ont rapporté une amélioration significative de leur bien-être émotionnel par rapport à ceux n’ayant pas reçu ce soutien. De plus, 60% des participants ont développé des compétences sociales renforcées, facilitant ainsi leur intégration dans la communauté. Il est recommandé d’intensifier les programmes d’accompagnement psychosocial en intégrant des approches communautaires qui mobilisent non seulement les adolescents mais aussi leurs familles et leurs pairs. De plus, il serait bénéfique d’évaluer régulièrement l’efficacité de ces programmes afin d’adapter les interventions aux besoins évolutifs des adolescents victimes de conflit.

Conflicts exist in all communities, even within families, between friends, comrades, people in the same profession and those who have shared the same cultural values for generations. It's hard to find a society without conflict. So, if living together becomes increasingly conflictual between people of the same or different ethnicities, it's because life no longer makes sense when we recognize that the person with whom we share the same social space is more important than a distant brother in black culture. Thus, the relationship between Arabe-Choa and Mousgoum is an important breeding ground for the potential of this part of Cameroon. The conflict between these two inter-ethnic groups is based on the threat to their interests. This study is based on the ecological theory of (Bronfenbrenner, 1979), which highlights the importance of interactions between the individual and their social environment in the development of resilience. A thematic analysis was carried out based on the qualitative data from the semi-structured interviews. The results show that 75% of adolescents who received structured psychosocial support reported a significant improvement in their emotional well-being compared to those who did not receive this support. In addition, 60% of participants developed strengthened social skills, thus facilitating their integration into the community. It is recommended to intensify psychosocial support programs by integrating community approaches that mobilize not only adolescents but also their families and peers. In addition, it would be beneficial to regularly evaluate the effectiveness of these programs to adapt interventions to the evolving needs of young victims of conflict.

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